The I-V curve test is a fundamental evaluation of a solar panel’s electrical performance. It systematically measures the relationship between the panel’s current and voltage output under controlled conditions, producing a graphical representation. This curve reveals crucial performance metrics, including maximum power output, open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current, allowing for accurate assessment of the panel’s efficiency and overall health. Analyzing the curve’s shape also helps identify potential defects or performance degradation, ensuring quality control and optimal system operation.